The compliance report output by Ubuntu Security Guide. The HTML report contains the list of rules that succeeded and failed, and looks like the following screenshot. This will generate a report placed in /var/lib/usg with the results of the audit. We will audit our system using USG and that benchmark with the following command. Get Ubuntu Advantage How to audit the systemĪt the time of this writing, the corresponding CIS benchmark for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS is the “CIS Ubuntu Linux 20.04 LTS Benchmark v1.0.0”. $ sudo apt install ubuntu-advantage-tools Once the subscription is attached on your Ubuntu system, install USG with the following commands: $ sudo apt update The Ubuntu Security Guide is available with a subscription. Let us now take a deep dive into using the Ubuntu Security Guide. last but not least, you use a consistent interface across Ubuntu releases.the same experience applies whether scanning for the CIS benchmark, DISA-STIG and any other profiles made available in the future.teams can standardize on a profile by storing it in a hard-wired location, preventing the case of different people accidentally scanning or complying with different profiles or versions.you can select a specific version of the CIS benchmark, i.e., a tooling upgrade doesn’t need to break scheduled scans that target a specific benchmark version.you can customize (tailor) the CIS profile select the CIS rules to comply with.The following list summarizes the main pain points for audit and compliance workflows that are addressed by Ubuntu Security Guide. While observing how our existing CIS compliance tools were being used by auditors and administrators of Ubuntu systems, we identified several points that would improve their workflow. In the rest of this blog, we go through the major use cases such as CIS compliance, audit, and customization. The Ubuntu Security Guide is a new tool available on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS that makes automation easy and greatly improves the usability of hardening and auditing with CIS, while allowing for environment-specific customizations. Let us introduce the Ubuntu Security Guide (USG). In fact, one of the top reasons for security breaches the last few years is due to misconfigurations, according to Verizon data breach investigations. ![]() ![]() Why is that? Manual configuration of such a large number of rules leads to mistakes – mistakes that cause not only functional problems, but may also cause security breaches. Every administrator of systems that need to comply with that benchmark would wish that this process is easily usable and automatable. The CIS benchmark has hundreds of configuration recommendations, so hardening and auditing a Linux system manually can be very tedious. In submitting this form, I confirm that I have read and agree to Canonical's Privacy Notice and Privacy Policy.
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The derivation is completely classical and exhibits clearly why similar formulas are aplicable in the case of inversep compton scattering and synchroton radiation. The cascade culminates with the production of second-generation BW pairs, due to diminished energy of second-generation photons below the threshold of BW process. The inverse Compton sca enetteregyrilng ectrof hons by igh photons is discussed and a simple derivation of the total power radiated is presented. Interestingly, this polarization curve trend can be reversed in the second-generation cascade, facilitated by the presence of polarized first-generation BW pairs with fluctuant polarization curves. The inverse Compton efect consists in the (head-on) collision of a photon beam with a beam of relativistic charged particles (usually electrons). Jones Lab0 ra to r y for The or e tic a1 S tudi e s ABS T RAC T We consider an electron of a given energy moving in a mono- energetic, isotropic radiation field. Our results demonstrate that the first-generation photons from ICS exhibit the non-decayed stair-shape polarization curves, in contrast to the linearly decayed ones of the first-generation electrons. THE CALCULATED SPECTRUM OF INVERSE COMPTON SCATTERED PHOTONS Frank C. Through MC simulations involving polarized background photons and non-polarized seed electrons, we reveal the characteristic polarization curves as a function of particle energy produced by the cascaded processes of ICS and BW pair production. Theoretical analysis indicates that the polarization of background photons can effectively transfer to final-state particles in the first-generation cascade due to helicity transfer. In this study, we employ analytical cross-sectional calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) numerical simulations to investigate the polarization transfer in the cascade of electron-seeded inverse Compton scattering (ICS) and BW process. A thorough comprehension of the polarization transfer in these cascaded processes is essential for elucidating the polarization mechanism of high-energy cosmic gamma rays and laser-driven QED plasmas. Cascaded Compton scattering and Breit-Wheeler (BW) processes play fundamental roles in high-energy astrophysical sources and laser-driven quantum electrodynamics (QED) plasmas. ![]() Requests network compression during file transfer, if applicable.Įnables retaining the sparse state of files during copy. The /mt parameter can't be used with the /ipg and /efsraw parameters.Ĭopies no directory info (the default /dcopy:DA is done).Ĭopies files without using the Windows Copy Offload mechanism. For better performance, redirect your output using /log option. Specifies the inter-packet gap to free bandwidth on slow lines.Ĭopies junctions (soft-links) to the destination path instead of link targets.ĭon't follow symbolic links and instead create a copy of the link.Ĭreates multi-threaded copies with n threads. Specifies run times when new copies can be started.Ĭhecks run times on a per-file (not per-pass) basis. Monitors the source and runs again in m minutes if changes are detected. Monitors the source and runs again when more than n changes are detected. Turns off support for paths longer than 256 characters. The valid values for this option are:Ĭreates a directory tree and zero-length files only.Ĭreates destination files by using 8.3 character-length FAT file names only. Removes the specified attributes from copied files. Moves files and directories, and deletes them from the source after they're copied.Īdds the specified attributes to copied files. Moves files, and deletes them from the source after they're copied. Using this option with the /e option and a destination directory, overwrites the destination directory security settings. Mirrors a directory tree (equivalent to /e plus /purge). Using this option with the /e option and a destination directory, allows the destination directory security settings to not be overwritten. The default value for this option is DA (data and attributes).Ĭopies files with security (equivalent to /copy:DATS).Ĭopies all file information (equivalent to /copy:DATSOU).Ĭopies no file information (useful with /purge).įixes file security on all files, even skipped ones.įixes file times on all files, even skipped ones.ĭeletes destination files and directories that no longer exist in the source. The X flag is ignored if either /B or /ZB is used. The default value for the /COPY option is DAT (data, attributes, and time stamps). If file access is denied, switches to backup mode.Ĭopies using unbuffered I/O (recommended for large files).Ĭopies all encrypted files in EFS RAW mode. In backup mode, robocopy overrides file and folder permission settings (ACLs), which might otherwise block access.Ĭopies files in restartable mode. In restartable mode, should a file copy be interrupted, robocopy can pick up where it left off rather than recopying the entire file.Ĭopies files in backup mode. This option automatically includes empty directories.Ĭopies only the top n levels of the source directory tree.Ĭopies files in restartable mode. This option automatically excludes empty directories.Ĭopies subdirectories. ![]() ![]() Specifies the options to use with the robocopy command, including copy, file, retry, logging, and job options.Ĭopies subdirectories. If you don't specify this parameter, *.* is used as the default value. Wildcard characters ( * or ?) are supported. Specifies the file or files to be copied. Specifies the path to the destination directory. Specifies the path to the source directory. If any data is copied from the root of a device, the destination directory will adopt the "hidden" attribute during the copy process. |
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